Technical Analysis and Development of Single Bamboo Floating from the Perspective of Education and Psychology
Mental Training and Anxiety: Examining the Moderating Role of Gender in Athletes
Abstrct
This study aimed to examine how gender may influence the relationship between mental training practices and anxiety levels in both individual and team athletes. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered through convenience sampling using electronically administered questionnaires. A grand total of 348 athletes from secondary school, high school, and university teams in individual and team sports across four Turkish provinces took part in the event. The Mental Training Scale developed by Behnke et al. (2019) was used to evaluate mental training practices, while the Sports Anxiety Scale-2, created by Smith et al. (2006) and Smith, Smoll and Schutz (1990), was used to gauge levels of anxiety. The data analysis included various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha for assessing scale reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis to explore variable relationships, and bootstrap regression analysis to investigate the potential moderating effect of gender. The results showed that the predictor variables together explained about 9% of the variation in anxiety (R² = .084). There was a noteworthy correlation between mental training practices and anxiety, with mental training practices showing a beneficial impact (β = .30, p < .05). Additionally, gender was found to have a significant influence in a positive direction (β = 1.58, p < .001). In addition, a noteworthy moderating effect was found, suggesting that gender plays a role in the connection between mental training and anxiety (β = -.37, p < .001). It appears that female athletes on school teams are more inclined to incorporate mental training practices into their routines, leading to better anxiety management compared to male athletes who do not engage in such practices.
María Dolores Molina Poveda, Eduardo Galak
Abstrct
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
Keywords:
female physical culture, NO-DO, Sucesos Argentinos, propaganda, audio-visual images
