Technical Analysis and Development of Single Bamboo Floating from the Perspective of Education and Psychology
Relationship Between Physical-Physiological and Psychological Responses in Amateur Soccer Referees
Abstrct
The soccer referee confronts stressful situations during the sports competition while performing physical actions of great demand to be close to the play that entails a high physiological demand. The aims of this study are to know the different physical, physiological and psychological responses and their interrelations in real competition in amateur soccer referees and to analyze the effect of the refereed category with the psychological characteristics related to performance. Fifteen referees belonging to the Andalusian Committee of Soccer Referees participated and data were collected in 21 matches of their respective leagues during the 2016-2017 season. The results indicated that the referees have a minor physiological response in the second part of the match, have greater somatic anxiety and lower self-confidence, stress control, motivation, mental ability and team cohesion in competitive matches compared to the baseline sample (p < .05). There are several psycho-physiological correlations between stress control with heart rate less than 80% (positive) and heart rate greater than 80% (negative) (p < .05). In conclusion, the amateur soccer referee is exposed to stress situations, which, the control of it, is related to the physiological responses produced in competition, so that referees with less stress control develop more physiological responses in competition, which can cause decisions with a high degree of fatigue. These findings may advise the soccer referee to supplement training with psychological intervention programs to increase stress control.
María Dolores Molina Poveda, Eduardo Galak
Abstrct
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
Keywords:
female physical culture, NO-DO, Sucesos Argentinos, propaganda, audio-visual images
