Technical Analysis and Development of Single Bamboo Floating from the Perspective of Education and Psychology
Gaze And Shoot: Examining the Effects of Player Height and Attacker-Defender Interpersonal Distances on Gaze Behavior and Shooting Accuracy of Elite Basketball Players
Abstrct
The current study seeks to investigate the effects of player height and attacker-defender interpersonal distances on gaze behaviour and shooting performance of elite basketball players. To this end, ten male professional basketball players were evaluated during a shooting task involving five experimental conditions: defender positioned at 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m and 2m of distance to the attacker and an additional control condition with no defender. A wireless SMI eye-tracking glasses system was worn by each attacker for the purpose of monitoring their gaze behaviour in view of the experimental conditions. Shot efficacy and attackers’ height was also evaluated. Results indicate an effect of the presence of the opponent and their body height on gaze behaviour when attempting to shoot at the basket. A greater number of fixations was found on the body of the defender, and less on the rim, for close interpersonal distances between the shooting attacker and the immediate defender (0.5m). No differences were found in fixation duration. It was also found that attackers with greater body height exhibited superior shot efficacy than those with smaller body height. In conclusion, these results suggest that when aiming at the scoring target in basketball, both performance and gaze behaviours of the attackers are sensitive to the impending constraints related to the presence of the opponent as well as to their own body size properties. Accordingly, the design of representative shooting tasks in basketball should consider the manipulation of individual and task constraints such as the interpersonal distance between shooting attacker and immediate opponent as well as body height differential.
María Dolores Molina Poveda, Eduardo Galak
Abstrct
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
Keywords:
female physical culture, NO-DO, Sucesos Argentinos, propaganda, audio-visual images
