Technical Analysis and Development of Single Bamboo Floating from the Perspective of Education and Psychology
Achievement Motivation in Elite Combat Athletes: Computerised Objective Assessment
Abstrct
The objective of the study was to identify the differences in task motivation, personal goal motivation, aspiration level, and competence motivation in combat sports, depending on gender, type of sport and competitive level. To overcome the limitations of self-report motivation assessments, achievement motivation was assessed by means of a computerised objective test, the Objective Achievement Motivation Test (OLMT, Schuhfried®). The sample comprised 69 judo and wrestling combat athletes. A MANOVA test was carried out to analyse the differences in gender (male and female), type of sport (wrestling and judo), and competitive level (high-performance athletes and lower level athletes), as well as t-tests for independent samples. Significant differences were only found in the aspiration level variable in terms of gender, with a moderate-to-high effect size in favour of women (d ® .6). These results point in two directions: first, to consider differences in comparison to other studies on achievement motivation, in which significant differences appear when self-report is used. Second, emphasise the importance of going deeper into the study of the aspiration level as a core aspect of achievement motivation, which could explain sports engagement in combat sports, as well as its relationship with variables such as satisfaction, tolerance to frustration or sport abandonment. The use of the computerised psychological assessment is defended by justifying tests such as the OLMT to achieve more accurate results in studies conducted within the framework of sport motivation
María Dolores Molina Poveda, Eduardo Galak
Abstrct
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
Keywords:
female physical culture, NO-DO, Sucesos Argentinos, propaganda, audio-visual images
