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Technical Analysis and Development of Single Bamboo Floating from the Perspective of Education and Psychology

A Qualitative Research on the Winter Sports Body-Building Activities of Chinese Residents from the Perspective of Social Stratification

Wen Wang , Yong Wang *

Abstrct

Social stratum differences lay behind the winter sports body-building activities of Chinese residents. Guided by social stratification theory, this paper takes heterogeneity research as the paradigm, and carries out in-depth interviews to explore the winter sports body-building behaviors and concepts of Chinese citizens in three classes, namely, middle class (white collar), working class (blue collar), and unemployed (jobless) class. In addition, the authors explored the correlation of participation and experience of each class with economy, education, and society dimensions of snow sports culture. This paper holds that: a. Difference in economic conditions determine the level, scope, and degree of the participation of winter sports; b. The improvement of education level accelerates the socialization progress of participants, but it also increases the differentiation of individual participation and intensifies social stratification; c. The bidding and holding of Beijing Winter Olympics greatly promotes the development of winter sports in China, and forms a feature of “middle-class consumers”, while the consumption of the working class and unemployed (jobless) residents is more "rational". The paradigm of social stratification and heterogeneity research helps relevant researchers to break away from the narrow perspective of finding the individual-level causality behind winter sports body-building, laying the basis for social, and sports researchers to recognize and understand the unequal social structure of winter sports participation.

Keywords: social stratification; Chinese residents; winter sports body-building; qualitative research,.

María Dolores Molina Poveda, Eduardo Galak

Abstrct

The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.

Keywords:
female physical culture, NO-DO, Sucesos Argentinos, propaganda, audio-visual images

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